A spectacular event was the “Sack of Rome”, the looting of Rome by imperial troops in 1527.Ħ In the conflict with the Ottoman Empire, Charles personally led a naval campaign in 1535 resulting in the conquest of Tunis, an important base of corsairs under the patronage of the Sultan. He also had to wait until 1530 to be crowned Holy Roman Emperor by the pope.ĥ Many years of Charles’ reign were taken up by the conflict with his great opponent, King Francis I of France (reigned 1515–1547), on the German, Spanish and French spheres of influence in Italy. His real power remained limited by the imperial estates. However, after that Spain became a solid core of the Habsburg Empire.Ĥ Charles’ election to German King (in the succession of his paternal grandfather Maximilian I) in 1519 had been possible only by bribery. From his troubled reigns, the following aspects may be pointed out.ģ Born and educated in Flandres with French as his native language, Charles was accepted as sovereign of Spain (in the succession of his maternal grandfather Philip the Handsome) only under conditions and after the suppression of some resistance. The central figure was Charles of Habsburg (1500–1558), first King of united Spain 1516–1556 (as Carlos I), King of Germany 1519–1556 and Holy Roman Emperor 1530–1556 (as Karl V or Charles V). The political and personal constellations were somewhat complicated. Historical constellations in the early 16 th centuryĢ The leading power in this fight in the first decades of the 16 th century were the lands under the rule of the House of Habsburg. ![]() After the fall of Constantinople in 1453 at the latest, the permanent fight against the Ottoman Empire was – in view of the political dissipation – a central component of the European identity for centuries. With the expansion of the Islam in the 8 th century, Europa became a synonym for the Christian occident. This developed from the 5 th century AD to a naming for the remaining western part of the Roman Empire, after the separation of the newly created Byzantine Empire. Just writers of the first century BC used the expression for all the western lands north of the Bosporus. Correspondingly Europa also appeared as a geographical term for mainland Greece already around 500 BC. The etymology of the name probably goes back to a Semitic word for “dark” and “sunset”. Haut de pageġ The most common version of the antique myth around the female figure Europa is that which is told in book II of the Metamorphoses (“Transformations”, written around 8 BC) by the Roman poet Ovid : Europa was a Phoenician princess who was abducted by the enamoured Zeus in the form of a white bull and carried away to Crete, where she became the first queen of that island and the mother of the legendary king Minos. Elle trouvait ses origines dans les guerres contemporaines en Basse Rhénanie. Plus tard, des représentations en réduction de la carte dans certaines oeuvres de Heinrich Bünting (1587ff.) et Sebastian Münster (1588ff.) se sont éloignées du contexte politique au profit d’un simple objectif didactique. Une autre copie fut dessinée et gravée en 1587 par Matthias Quad (1557-1613) pour l’éditeur Bussemacher de Cologne. De nombreux détails singuliers peuvent être expliqués à partir de constellations historiques. La carte est une glorification de la Maison de Habsbourg, et exprime un espoir de paix. Un poème d’accompagnement illustre les origines de ce symbolisme en politique contemporaine. La version archétype (Paris, 1537) fut créée par Johannes Putsch (1516-1542), un poète et courtisan tyrolien. S’inspirant du mythe antique de la princesse phénicienne Europe, ces cartes montrent l’Europe avec les contours d’une figure féminine. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.L’article apporte un nouvel éclairage et de nouvelles données sur un groupe particulier de cartes anthropomorphiques du XVI e siècle. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. User:RyanMartins/Gather lists/11546 – Man of Letters.Wikipedia:Dagens skandinaviske artikel/Nynorsk/Uge 11, 2011. ![]()
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